δή

δή, prop. a temporal Particle (cf. ἤδη),

A at this or that point: hence, now, then, already, or at length:

I in [dialect] Ep. (rarely Lyr.) sts. at the beginning of a sentence or clause,

Τεῦκρε πέπον, δὴ νῶϊν ἀπέκτατο πιστὸς ἑταῖρος Il.15.437

;

δὴ πάμπαν ἀποίχεαι ἀνδρὸς ἑῆος 19.342

;

δὴ γὰρ μέγα νεῖκος ὄρωρεν 13.122

; δὴ τότε, δή ῥα τότε, 1.476, 13.719, al., cf. Pi.O.3.25, A.Th.214 (lyr.): but usu. second (or nearly so), freq. with Numerals and temporal Particles,

ὀκτὼ δὴ προέηκα . . ὀϊστούς Il. 8.297

; ἐννέα δὴ βεβάασι . . ἐνιαυτοί full nine years, 2.134; ἕκτον δὲ δὴ τόδ' ἦμαρ this is just the sixth day, E.Or.39, cf. Il.24.107, etc.: also after Advbs. of Time, πολλάκι δή many a time and oft, often ere now, 19.85;

ὀψὲ δὲ δή 7.94

;

τρὶς δή Pi.P.9.91

; πάλαι δή, Lat. jamdudum, S.Ph.806; νῦν δή just now, Ar.Av.923 (freq. written νυνδή, Pl.Tht.145b, etc.); νῦν τε καὶ ἄλλοτε δή ib.187d; now at length, Id.R.353a, etc.; τότε δή at that very time, Th.1.49, etc.; αὐτίκα δὴ μάλα this very instant, Pl.R.338b, etc.; ὕστερον δή yet later, Th.2.17: freq. with temporal Conjunctions, ἐπεὶ δή (written ἐπειδή, q. v.), etc.

II without temporal significance, as a Particle of emphasis, in fact, of course, certainly, ναὶ δή, ἦ δή, Il.1.286,518, etc.; οὐ δή surely not, S.Ph.246, cf. E.Or.1069, etc.; δῆλα δή, v. δῆλος; with Verbs,

δὴ γὰρ ἴδον ὀφθαλμοῖσι Il.15.488

;

νῦν δὲ ὁρᾶτε δή X.Cyr. 3.2.12

;

καὶ ἴστε δὴ οἷος . . Pl.Ap.21a

: less freq. with Substs., σοφιστὴν δή τοι ὀνομάζουσι τὸν ἄνδρα εἶναι they call the man a sophist as you know, Id.Prt.311e: with Conjunctions, ἵνα δή, ὡς δή, Il.23.207, 5.24, etc.;

ὅπως δή Th.5.85

; γὰρ δή for manifestly, A.Ch.874,891, Pl.Tht.156c;

οὐ γὰρ δή S.OC265

: hence with a part. representing Conjunction and Verb, ἅτε δὴ ἐόντες since they evidently are, Hdt. 8.90; but ὡς φόνον νίζουσα δή as though she were . ., E.IT1338, cf. Hdt.1.66, X.Cyr.5.4.4, etc.; and so, ironically,

ὡς δή Il.1.110

, Ar.V. 1315, Eq.693, Pl.Prt.342c, al.; freq. with

σύ, ὡς δὴ σύ μοι τύραννος Ἀργείων ἔσῃ A.Ag.1633

, cf. S.OC809, E.Andr.235, etc.; also ἵνα δή . . Pl.R.420e, Men.86d;

ὅτι δή . . Id.Phdr.268d

; also εἰσήγαγε τὰς ἑταιρίδας δή the pretended courtesans, X.HG5.4.6, cf. E.Ion 1181, Th.4.67,6.80.

2 freq. placed immediately after Pronouns, ἐμὲ δή me of all persons, Hdt.3.155; σὺ δή you of all persons, Id.1.115, S.Aj.1226; οὗτος δή this and no other, Hdt.1.43;

ὑμεῖς δὲ κεῖνοι δὴ οἵ . . S.Tr.1091

; οὗτος δὴ ὁ Σωκράτης, ironically, Pl.Tht.166a; τὸ λεγόμενον δὴ τοῦτο as the well-known saying goes, Id.Grg.514e, cf. E.Hipp.962; δή τις some one you know of, Pl.Phd.108c, al.: with possess. Pronouns,

τὸ σὸν δὴ τοῦτο Pl.Smp.221b

, cf. Grg.5c8d, etc.: with relatives,

ὃς δὴ νῦν κρατέει Il.21.315

;

τὰ δὴ καὶ ἐγένετο Hdt.1.22

; οἷος δὴ σύ just such as thou, Il.24.376, cf. Od.1.32, S.Aj.995, etc.;

ὅσα δή Ar.Ach.1

, etc.: with Adjs., οἴη δή, μοῦνος δή, Od.12.69, Hdt.1.25;

ἐν πολλῇ δὴ ἀπορίᾳ ἦσαν X.An.3.1.2

: freq. with Superlatives,

μάχη ἐγένετο πλείστου δὴ χρόνου μεγίστη δὴ τῶν Ἑλληνικῶν Th.5.74

;

ἁπάντων δὴ ἄλγιστον S.Aj.992

, etc.

III to mark a transition, with or without inference, so, then,

νίκη μὲν δὴ φαίνετ' . . Il.3.457

;

τὴν μὲν δὴ τυραννίδα οὕτω ἔσχον Hdt.1.14

;

τοῦτο δὴ τὸ ἄγος οἱ Λακεδαιμόνιοι ἐκέλευον ἐλαύνειν Th.1.127

.

IV with Indef. Particles, v. δήποθεν, δήποτε, δήπω, δήπουθεν: with interrogatives,

τοῦ δὴ ἕνεκα; Pl.Grg.457e

;

τίδὲδή . .; Id.Phd.58c

(simply τί δή; what then? R.357d);

πότερα δή; S.Ph.1235

(and with Advbs.,

ποῖ δὴ καὶ πόθεν; Pl.Phdr.

init.; ποῦ δή; πῇ δή; ib.228e, Il.2.339, etc.): with Indef. Pronouns, δή strengthens the indef. notion, ἄλλοισιν δὴ ταῦτ' ἐπιτέλλεο others be they who they may, Il.1.295; μηδεὶς δή no one at all, Pl.Tht.170e; δή τις some one or other, Id.R.498a (pl.), etc. (rarely

τις δή E.IT946

); the neut. δή τι is common, ἦ ἄρα δή τι ἐΐσκομεν ἄξιον εἶναι; in any way, whatever it be, Il.13.446;

τὸ ἱππικόν, τῷ δή τι καὶ ἐπεῖχε ἐλλάμψεσθαι Hdt.1.80

;

οὕτω δή τι Id.3.108

, etc.;

θεῶν ὅτεῳ δή

whosoever it be,

Id.1.86

; ἐπὶ μισθῷ ὅσῳ δή, Lat. quantocumque, ib. 160, etc.;

οἵα δή γε . . E.Heracl.632

, cf. Supp.162; but

θαυμαστὰ δὴ ὅσα Pl.Smp.220b

;

ὡς δή Il.5.24

, etc.; so almost, = ἤδη, ἀναπέτομαι δὴ πρὸς Ὄλυμπον Anacr.24;

καὶ δὴ φίλον τις ἔκταν' ἀγνοίας ὕπο A. Supp.499

;

ἤκουσα δή S.Ant.823

;

πάθη μὲν οὖν δὴ πόλλ' ἔγωγ' ἐκλαυσάμην Id.Tr.153

; οἶσθα μὲν δή ib.627; so καὶ δή already, in fact, freq. not at the beginning of the sentence,

κεῖται καὶ δὴ πάνθ' ἅπερ εἶπας Ar.Ec.514

, cf. Nu.906, Theoc.5.83; but

καὶ δή σφε λείπω A.Supp.507

.

2 to continue a narrative, freq. after μέν, then, so,

τότε μὲν δὴ . . ἡσυχίην εἶχε Hdt.1.11

; Σόλων μὲν δὴ ἔνεμε ib. 32; τὸν μὲν δὴ πέμπει ib.116; alone, εἷς δὴ τούτων . . <*> one of these . ., ib.114, etc.: freq. in summing up, τοιαῦτα μὲν δὴ ταῦτα, Lat. haec hactenus, A.Pr.500, cf. Hdt.1.14, Th.2.4;

τούτων δὴ ἕνεκα X. Cyr.3.2.28

, etc.; in summing up numbers, γίγνονται δὴ οὗτοι χίλιοι these then amount to 1,000, ib.1.5.5; in resuming after a parenthesis,

Ἀνδρομάχη, θυγάτηρ μεγαλήτορος Ἠετίωνος . ., τοῦ περ δὴ θυγάτηρ Il.6.395

;

οὗτος δὴ . ., ὁ μὲν δή Hdt.1.43

.

b with imper. and subj.,

μὴ δὴ . . ἐπιέλπεο Il.1.545

, cf. 5.684, etc.;

χωρῶμεν δὴ πάντες S.Ph.1469

; ἐννοεῖτε γὰρ δή for do but consider, X.Cyr.4.3.5; ἄγε δή, φέρε δή, ἴθι δή, σκόπει δή, λέγε δή, Pl.Sph.235a, Phd. 63b, Sph.224c, Phd.80a, Prt.312c.

3 to express what follows a fortiori, καὶ μετὰ ὅπλων γε δή above all with arms, Th.4.78; μή τί γε δή not to mention, D.2.23; εἰ δὲ δὴ πόλεμος ἥξει Id. 1.27.

4 καὶ δή and what is more, adding an emphatic statement, Il.1.161, 15.251, Hdt.5.67, Lys.13.4; in Prose, freq.

καὶ δὴ καί . ., ἐς Αἴγυπτον ἀπίκετο . ., καὶ δὴ καὶ ἐς Σάρδις Hdt.1.30

, etc.; καὶ δὴ καὶ νῦν τί φῄς; and now what do you say? Pl.Tht.187c; καὶ δὴ μὲν οὖν παρόντα yes, and actually here present, S.OC31; esp. in a series, ὑγίεια καὶ ἰσχὺς καὶ κάλλος καὶ πλοῦτος δή and of course riches, Pl.Men.87e, cf. Tht.159c, R.367d; εἴτ' . . εἴτ' . . εἴτεδή ib.493d.

b καὶ δή is also used in answers, ἦ καὶ παρέστη κἀπὶ τέρμ' ἀφίκετο; Answ. καὶ δὴ 'πὶ δισσαῖς ἦν . . πύλαις yes, he was even so far as . ., S.Aj.49; βλέψον κάτω. Answ. καὶ δὴ βλέπω well, I am looking, Ar. Av.175, cf. Pax327, Pl.227 sq., S.El.317 sq., 1436, etc.; πρόσθιγέ νύν μου. Answ.

ψαύω καὶ δή S.OC173

; without καί, ἀποκρίνου περὶ ὧν ἂν ἐρωτῶ. Answ.

ἐρώτα δή Pl.Tht.157d

; ἐρώτα. Answ.

ἐρωτῶ δή Id.Grg.448b

.

c in assumptions or suppositions, καὶ δὴ δέδεγμαι and now suppose I have accepted, A.Eu.894, cf. Ch.565, E.Med.386, Hel. 1059, not found in S., once in Ar.V.1224.

5 δή in apodosi, after εἰ or ἐάν, Il.5.898, Hdt.1.108, Pl.R.524e, etc.; after ὅτε, ἡνίκα, even then, S.Ant.170 sq., El.954; after ἐπεί, ἐπειδάν, X.Cyr.1.6.14, Pl. Cra.435e, etc.; after ὡς, X.Cyr.7.2.4;

ἐν ᾧ δὲ ταῦτα ἐβουλεύοντο, καὶ δὴ ὁ βασιλεύς . .

already,

Id.An.1.10.10

.